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Quebec and the fur trade
New France was the French colonial domain in North America, with Quebec on the St Lawrence as its seat from 1608. The difference is structural and explains much of the continent's later map. English colonisation required land and displaced those living on it; the French fur trade required partners and entered marriages and alliances with them. That gave France enormous geographical reach with a few thousand people, and lasting alliances — but also a thin population that could not hold the territory when war came in 1754.
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