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NAFTA
A free trade agreement removes tariffs and quotas between countries, so that goods cross the border as if it were not there. The agreement was the largest free trade area created at the time, and it has become a fixed reference in the argument about globalisation — invoked by both sides with equal conviction. Its effect on Mexican agriculture is the least disputed part: subsidised American maize undercut local production in maize's own homeland, and migration northward rose. It was replaced by the USMCA in 2020.
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