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The Hopewell network
Hopewell is the archaeologists' name for a period in eastern North America, known from great earthworks in Ohio and from graves holding objects brought from across the continent. Hopewell was not a kingdom or a people but a shared set of rituals, forms and exchange relations spanning half a continent without central authority. The Newark earthworks are also astronomically aligned: the octagon captures the moon's northernmost rise and set through an 18.6-year cycle, which requires observation across generations. They became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023.
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