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SocietyNorth America

Canada is formed

1867

A federation negotiated rather than fought for

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In depth

Confederation is the name for the union in which Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick became one country on 1 July 1867. Confederation was driven largely by fear of American expansion after the Civil War and by the need to finance a railway to the Pacific. The bilingual, federal construction was a solution to a concrete problem — keeping a French-speaking Quebec inside — and it has defined Canadian politics since. The British North America Act remained Canada's constitution until patriation in 1982; the country could not amend its own constitution before then.

For children

Four British colonies joined into one country in 1867. Unlike the United States, Canada came into being not through revolution but through negotiation and an act passed in London. The country was built with two official languages from the start.

Sources

  • British North America Act (1867)
  • Bibliothèque et Archives Canada: Confederation

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Part of Terra Saga — the story of Earth on a timeline. terrasaga.org · Last changed 2026-08-16