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EnvironmentThe polar regions

The Holocene begins

9,701 BCE

The ice age releases its grip and the climate turns unusually stable

See it on the timeline

In depth

Greenland ice cores show the transition was astonishingly fast: up to ten degrees of warming in under fifty years. What followed was not only warmer but more *predictable* than any climate of the previous hundred thousand years. Farming requires being able to count on next year. That it arose independently in at least eleven places shortly after this stabilisation is unlikely to be coincidence.

For children

In just a few decades the Earth warmed by several degrees. The glaciers retreated northwards, the sea rose, and forests followed. Everything humans have built since — cities, fields, countries — happened within this one warm spell.

Connects to

Part of Terra Saga — the story of Earth on a timeline. terrasaga.org